休闲渔业视角下滨海渔村景观规划设计方法研究

传统的滨海渔村已不能满足休闲渔业及乡村旅游发展的内外需求,若将休闲渔业与渔村景观结合,不仅可以保护渔村的文化,也可推动渔村的各方面发展,同时也有助于滨海渔村景观的发展.该研究将休闲渔业与渔村景观结合,思考滨海渔村景观的设计原则及其方法,希望对滨海渔村景观的设计实践有一定的理论帮助.     

郑州市黄河南岸景观格局变化及其对生态空间的影响

以郑州市沿黄河南岸6个区(县)1997、2009、2019年3期遥感影像为基础数据,借助ENVI、Frag-stats和ArcGIS软件,运用景观单一动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数等方法,对研究区景观格局变化特征及对生态空间的影响进行了分析,并进一步分析了黄河南岸郑州段景观格局演变特征,揭示了郑州市沿黄河6个区(县)景观格局变化对黄河生态空间的影响.结果表明:(1)1997～2019年郑州市的快速发展使沿黄河大面积区域从郊区变为城镇,耕地面积占比由49.2％下降至21.4％,建设用地占比由5.36％上升至28.52％,土地利用变化整体处于不平衡状态,相互之间转换频繁;(2)1997～2009年,研究区处于无序蔓延的城市扩张状态,2009～2019年研究区内城市快速扩张的同时,开始注重区域内生态环境的建设;(3)研究区总体上景观格局呈现破碎化趋势,斑块形状趋于规则,景观空间分布不集中,连通性较差;(4)黄河南岸大堤外5000 m范围内生态空间被不断侵占,生境质量和连通性差.受人类活动不断增强的影响,近22年黄河南岸郑州段景观格局变化显著,生态空间不断被城市发展用地挤占,必将削弱黄河生态屏障功能,威胁区域生态安全.     

隔板长度对紧凑型高速磁力泵水力特性及叶轮径向力的影响

为探究蜗壳内隔板长度对紧凑型高速磁力泵外特性与叶轮径向力的影响,根据蜗壳型式及隔板长度的不同提出6种蜗壳方案.设单蜗壳为方案一,其余双蜗壳方案根据隔板长度从小到大依次设为方案二至方案六.采用ANSYS-CFX软件对不同工况下(0.8Q_d,1.0Q_d,1.2Q_d)各蜗壳方案泵内流场进行数值模拟,得到不同蜗壳方案的泵中心面静压分布云图,并进行径向力分析.采用方案四蜗壳作为泵实型样机进行试验,将试验值与计算结果进行对比.研究结果表明:相较于无隔板的单蜗壳泵,采用有隔板的双蜗壳泵有利于平衡叶轮径向力,在额定流量下单蜗壳在x,y方向的径向力最大分量分别为151.2,149.7 N,是双蜗壳方案四的1.5倍;随着隔板长度的增大,泵的扬程与效率均逐渐提高,叶轮径向力不断减小,3种工况下扬程的模拟值与试验值偏差均小于3.0%;试验表明数值计算结果具有可信性,研究结果可为紧凑型高速磁力泵在提高水力性能以及平衡叶轮径向力方面提供一定参考.     

Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.     

蚯蚓养殖对幼龄胶园土壤养分及橡胶树根系生长的影响

本研究旨在探讨林下蚯蚓养殖对幼龄胶园土壤养分及橡胶树根系生长的影响。以牛粪作为原料，于 2017年4—11 月在 4 年生幼龄胶园铺设粪垄养殖蚯蚓，并测定土壤养分和根系生长情况。结果表明，与对照（CK）相比，铺设粪垄无蚯蚓养殖（WQ）和铺设粪垄蚯蚓养殖（Q）处理总体上可显著提高土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾和土壤水分含量以及土壤 pH，而对土壤铵态氮、有机质、微生物活性及微生物群系数量无显著影响（p<0.05）；和 CK 相比，WQ和 Q 处理显著促进根的生长，并提高吸收根的比例（p<0.05）。综上所述，在幼龄胶园养殖蚯蚓短期内（半年）可提高土壤速效养分含量，促进根系生长。     

Effects of bFGF on brain edema,nerve function injury and autophagy related protein in rats with traumatic brain injury

AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage.     

河北省玉米小斑病菌优势生理小种鉴定及ITS序列分析

2007~2016年在河北各地采集玉米小斑病标样,对分离出的356株玉米小斑病菌菌株进行生理小种鉴定。结果表明,在鉴定的年度范围内,玉米小斑病菌T小种、C小种、S生理型、O小种的分离频率在年度间存有差异,O小种的平均分离频率94.94%,是河北省玉米小斑病菌的优势小种;O小种对主栽品种郑单958和自交系C103的致病力呈下降趋势,在C103上致病力下降幅度小于郑单958。对河北省石家庄、保定、衡水、沧州邯郸、邢台采集的45株菌株进行ITS序列分析构建UPGMA进化树,分析表明,河北省内玉米小斑病菌株的遗传进化与地域有一定关系,差异不明显。     

不同时段伊犁马行为特征的差异性分析

【目的】 研究马的行为规律及变化过程,为马匹的选择、训练及健康评估等提供理论参考。【方法】 选取健康状况良好的伊犁马母马12匹,采集视频数据,记录马匹在各时间段摄食、静息、探究、修饰、排泄和其他等各种行为指标,比较分析各时段行为的差异性。【结果】 舍饲伊犁马在行为规律上全天时间摄食>静息>探究>其他>修饰,不同时段伊犁马行为时间分配上,咀嚼、伸展时间下午时间段极显著大于早、晚时间段(P<0.01),卧息、站息时间晚上极显著大于早上、下午时间段(P<0.01),站立、警觉时间早上、下午时间段均极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),舔食时间早上时间段极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),啃痒时间早上时间段极显著大于下午时间段(P<0.01),频次指标中,咀嚼次数下午时间段极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),显著大于早上时间段(P<0.05),舔食、摇头次数早上时间段极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),卧息次数晚上时间段均极显著大于早上、下午时间段(P<0.01),警觉、站立次数早上、下午时间段均极显著大于晚上时间段(P<0.01),啃痒、伸展早上时间段显著大于下午时间段(P<0.05),排便次数早上、下午、晚上各时间段均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。【结论】 舍饲伊犁马全天中用于摄食的时间最长,其后依次是静息、探究、其他、修饰。咀嚼、舔食多集中在早上、下午各时间段;蹭痒多集中在早上时间段;卧息、站息、伸展多集中于晚上时间段;站立、警觉在白天各时间段均较集中;在嗅探、蹭痒、哈欠、刨地、抬蹄、排尿上没有发现差异,通过观察不同时段所表现的行为指标对马匹行为进行监测,可为实际生产过程中马匹的管理提供客观参考指标,减少对马的伤害,防止恶癖的发生。     

叶面喷施不同调节剂对烟叶质量的影响

为提高烟叶品质,在河南省洛宁县、泌阳县进行多点对比试验,研究不同调节剂(壳寡糖、低聚木糖、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸钾、黄腐酸钾)对烟叶钾含量的影响。结果表明,与常规对照相比,除洛宁县试验点处理T6(黄腐酸钾)外,其他调节剂处理均能促进烟叶叶片发育,提高叶面积。2个试验点调节剂处理与常规对照相比,产量有一定提高,但差异不显著,洛宁县和泌阳县试验烟叶产值分别提高2.4%～20.2%和6.6%～20.6%,均价和上等烟比例均以处理T4(磷酸二氢钾)最高。与常规对照相比,施用调节剂处理中部烟叶钾含量均有增加,2个试验点均以处理T4中部叶钾含量最高,调节剂处理均降低了烟碱含量和氯离子含量,2个试验点均以处理T3(低聚木糖)烤后烟叶钾含量最高,分别为1.99%和2.15%。叶面喷施调节剂能够提高烟叶叶面积、产量产值和品质,不同调节剂处理间比较,以处理T3和处理T4表现较好。     

尕海湿地植被退化过程中土壤有机碳矿化特征

为了揭示植被退化对湿地土壤碳矿化过程的影响,以甘南尕海4种不同植被退化梯度的湿地(未退化(UD)、轻度退化(LD)、中度退化(MD)及重度退化(HD))为研究对象,采用室内恒温培养和碱液吸收法研究不同土层土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化速率和累积矿化量,结合一级动力学方程,分析土壤半矿化分解时间(T1/2)、有机碳矿化潜势(C0)等参数对植被退化的响应。结果表明:(1)不同植被退化梯度湿地SOC矿化速率在培养期内呈现出基本一致的变化趋势,表现为,培养初期(0~4天)矿化速率快速下降,且数值较高,培养中后期缓慢下降(4~41天)并趋于平稳;各培养温度下,不同植被退化梯度湿地土壤在各土层有机碳矿化速率大小均为UD>LD>MD>HD。(2)在整个培养期间,各植被退化梯度湿地土壤有机碳矿化速率均随土层加深而降低,表层0-10 cm的矿化速率(1.14~16.23 mg/(g·d))均显著高于10-20 cm(1.05~2.85mg/(g·d))和20-40 cm土层(0.94~1.26 mg/(g·d))。(3)4种植被退化梯度湿地在不同温度下的土壤有机碳累积矿化量均值排序为5°C(34.54 mg/g)<15°C(46.67 mg/g)<25°C(58.28 mg/g)<35°C(86.46 mg/g)。(4)一级动力学方程的C0值随植被退化程度增加呈递减趋势,而C0/SOC随着温度的升高而降低。因此,植被退化能显著降低高寒湿地土壤有机碳矿化速率,而气候变暖能够显著增加湿地土壤有机碳矿化量。